ABSTRACT. The principle activity / purpose (P)

Article – стаття для журналу

Paper – стаття на конференцію

Report – звіт

1)      purpose/aim/objective of this article / of the present paper / of this report is to determine              whether …

This paper describes/presents the results of W to determine R.

The article will deal with / will discuss the implementation of Q.

Verb:

Investigate

Study

Discuss

Consider

Outline

Formulate

Calculate

Estimate

Analyze

Examine

Establish (основувати)

Deal with (займатися проблемою)

Touch on/upon

Comment on

Develop

Design

Construct (будувати)

Solve

Perform (виконувати)

2)    The purpose of this study was to investigate G.

Verb:

Obtain

Find out

Discover

Establish

Assess (оцінювати)

Demonstrate

Show

Test

Check (перевірити, вияснити)

Verity

Prove

 Subject Matter

A new characteristic of Z with reference to J is given in this article.

A detailed analysis of H has been presented.

Function of K are analysed in detail.

A new M has been considered.

Considered in the paper is the structure of B.

Investigated here are the functions of Y.

Presented in the study are the characteristics of D.

Nouns:

Activity

Function

Nature

Structure

Effect

Cause

Influence

Property

Analysis

Study

Classification

Description

Characteristic

Investigation

Attributes:

Detailed

Thorough

Careful

Accurate

Comprehensive

Brief

Short

Preliminary

Extensive

In (great) detail

Word-combination:

To carry out the analysis

To perform/make a study

To give a description

To make measurements

To carry out an investigation

To do research

E.g.   Attention is paid in the study to the functions of G.

         An attempt is made here to analyse the nature of K.

         Use is made in the article of R.

To pay attention to smth

To make attempt to do smth /

To make effort to do smth

To place emphasis on smth

To make emphasis on smth

To take account of smth

To take advantage of smth

To make allowance for smth

To give consideration to smth

To make mention of smth

To make reference to smth

To make use of smth

Nouns:

Method – метод, спосіб

Technique – метод, спосіб, методика, спосіб проведення експерименту

Approach

Way – підхід, розгляд

Problem

Question

Issue

Analysis

Theory

Effect

Adjectives:

Improved, modified – удосконалений, видозмінений

Adequate

Promising

Valid – такий, що можна застосувати у цьому випадку, обґрунтований, справедливий

Rigorous – строгий, чіткий

Efficient – економічний

Effective – ефективний

Crude – нечіткий, грубий

Direct, straightforward

Indirect – непрямий

Appropriate – що відповідає

Reliable – надійний

Satisfactory – задовільний

Valuable – цінний

Up-to-date – сучасне

Out-of-date

Conventional, usual – звичайний, загальновживаний

Additional – допоміжний

Principal, basic, main, chief

Verb:

Examine (the effect of R on G, the behavior, the phenomenon, the properties)

Estimate (the effect of R on G, possible sources of error, the value)

Determine (the rate, the coefficients, the magnitude (важливість), the constants)

Establish (визначати) (the fact of, the difference in, the existence of, the presence (присутність) of)

Eliminate (виключати) (  distortions (викривлення) resulting from,

,

                   undesirable (небажані) effects,

                   disturbing (тривожні) effects due to,

                   the problem, the error due to)

                  

E.g.   Studies were made of Z by K using …

         B was investigated by H / V_ing (applying…)

         R was analysed under U by means of L.

         T was solved using F.

         A modified version of X was used in a detailed investigation of G.

         A pulse method was used in the study of W.